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''The Inevitability of Patriarchy'' is a book by Steven Goldberg published by William Morrow and Company in 1973. The theory proposed by Goldberg is that social institutions, that are characterised by male dominance, may be explained by biological differences between men and women (sexual dimorphism), suggesting male dominance (patriarchy) could be inevitable. Goldberg later refined articulation of the argument in ''Why Men Rule'' (1993).〔 "A much more precise, developed and persuasive (though repetitive) version of his theory was published in 1993 under the new title ''Why Men Rule''." Catherine Hakim, ''(Key Issues in Women's Work ): Female Heterogeneity and the Polarization of Women’s Employment'', 2nd edition, Contemporary Issues in Public Policy, (Routledge Cavendish, 2004), p.4.〕 The main difference between the books is a shift of emphasis from citing anthropological research across all societies, to citing evidence from the workforce in contemporary western societies.〔 "In his first book, the emphasis was on anthropological research evidence showing that no society had ever existed in which women ruled. In his more recent book the emphasis shifts to contemporary societies and the evidence that within the workforce vertical job segregation is pronounced. All other hierarchies are also dominated by men." Hakim (2004): 5.〕 This article summarises Goldberg's argument as originally published in the United States (US), but revised in various places for release in the United Kingdom (UK, 1977). It also refers to some of the more notable essays in peer-reviewed academic debate about the book, which included one whole serial of the journal ''Society'' in 1989. == Abstract == Goldberg reviews literature, gathering evidence from expert witnesses (both primary and secondary sources) to demonstrate that each of three distinct patterns of recognised human social behaviour (institutions) has been observed in every known society.〔 Chapter 2 ''Inevitability'' (1977).〕 He proposes that these three universal institutions, attested as they are across ''independent'' cultures, suggest a simple psychophysiological cause, since physiology remains constant, as do the institutions, even across variable cultures—a universal phenomenon suggests a universal explanation.〔 Chapter 3 ''Inevitability'' (1977).〕 The institutions Goldberg examines are patriarchy, male dominance and male attainment.〔 The hypothetical psychophysiological phenomenon he proposes to explain them, he denotes by the expression ''differentiation of dominance tendency''.〔〔 UK edition, original US edition used the term ''aggression''.〕 He explains this refers to dominance behaviour being more easily elicited from men ''on average'' than from women ''on average''. In other words, he theorises a biologically mediated difference in ''preferences''. Goldberg next provides expert witnesses from several disciplines regarding correlations between behaviour and the hormone testosterone, which are known to be causative in several cases, including dominance preference. He concludes with the hypothesis that testosterone is a necessary (but not sufficient) condition for the development of the institutions he examined.〔''Inevitability'' (1977): 131.〕 In other words, without testosterone, the institutions would not develop—it must be part (but not all) of an explanation for their universality. Finally, Goldberg proposes that if patriarchy is indeed biologically based, it will prove to be inevitable; unless a society is willing to intervene ''biologically'' on the male physiology. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Inevitability of Patriarchy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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